{"id":1277,"date":"2020-06-19T11:38:01","date_gmt":"2020-06-19T15:38:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pressbooks.library.upei.ca\/upeiintropsychology\/?post_type=chapter&p=1277"},"modified":"2020-08-26T13:23:06","modified_gmt":"2020-08-26T17:23:06","slug":"vocabulary-8","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.upei.ca\/upeiintropsychology\/chapter\/vocabulary-8\/","title":{"raw":"Vocabulary","rendered":"Vocabulary"},"content":{"raw":"Abstinence\r\n\r\nAvoiding any sexual behaviors that may lead to conception.\r\n\r\nAge of viability\r\n\r\nThe age at which a fetus can survive outside of the uterus.\r\n\r\nBarrier forms of birth control\r\n\r\nMethods in which sperm is prevented from entering the uterus, either through physical or chemical barriers.\r\n\r\nCervix\r\n\r\nThe lower portion of the uterus that connects to the vagina.\r\n\r\nChromosomal sex\r\n\r\nAlso known as genetic sex; defined by the 23rd set of chromosomes.\r\n\r\nClitoris\r\n\r\nA sensitive and erectile part of the vulva; its main function is to initiate orgasms.\r\n\r\nConception\r\n\r\nOccurs typically within the fallopian tube, when a single sperm fertilizes an ovum cell.\r\n\r\nCowper's glands\r\n\r\nGlands that produce a fluid that lubricates the urethra and neutralizes any acidity due to urine.\r\n\r\nEmergency contraception\r\n\r\nA form of birth control used in a variety of circumstances, such as after unprotected sex, condom mishaps, or sexual assault.\r\n\r\nEpididymis\r\n\r\nA twisted duct that matures, stores, and transports sperm cells into the vas deferens.\r\n\r\nErogenous zones\r\n\r\nHighly sensitive areas of the body.\r\n\r\nExcitement phase\r\n\r\nThe activation of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system defines this phase of the sexual response cycle; heart rate and breathing accelerate, along with increased blood flow to the penis, vaginal walls, clitoris, and nipples.\r\n\r\nFallopian tubes\r\n\r\nThe female\u2019s internal sex organ where fertilization is most likely to occur.\r\n\r\nForeskin\r\n\r\nThe skin covering the glans or head of the penis.\r\n\r\nGlans penis\r\n\r\nThe highly sensitive head of the penis, associated with initiating orgasms.\r\n\r\nHormonal forms of birth control\r\n\r\nMethods by which synthetic estrogen or progesterone are released to prevent ovulation and thicken cervical mucus.\r\n\r\nIntroitus\r\n\r\nThe vaginal opening to the outside of the body.\r\n\r\nLabia majora\r\n\r\nThe \u201clarge lips\u201d enclosing and protecting the female internal sex organs.\r\n\r\nLabia minora\r\n\r\nThe \u201csmall lips\u201d surrounding and defining the openings of the vagina and urethra.\r\n\r\nMenstruation\r\n\r\nThe process by which ova as well as the lining of the uterus are discharged from the vagina after fertilization does not occur.\r\n\r\nMullerian ducts\r\n\r\nPrimitive female internal sex organs.\r\n\r\nMyotonia\r\n\r\nInvoluntary muscular movements, such as facial grimaces, that occur during the excitement phase of the sexual response cycle.\r\n\r\nNatural forms of birth control\r\n\r\nMethods that rely on knowledge of the menstrual cycle and awareness of the body.\r\n\r\nNeuroimaging techniques\r\n\r\nSeeing and measuring live and active brains by such techniques as electroencephalography (EEG), computerized axial tomography (CAT), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).\r\n\r\nOrgasm phase\r\n\r\nThe shortest, but most pleasurable, phase of the sexual response cycle.\r\n\r\nOrgasmic platform\r\n\r\nThe tightening of the outer third of the vaginal walls during the plateau phase of the sexual response cycle.\r\n\r\nOvaries\r\n\r\nThe glands housing the ova and producing progesterone, estrogen, and small amounts of testosterone.\r\n\r\nOvulation\r\n\r\nWhen ova travel from the ovaries to the uterus.\r\n\r\nOxytocin\r\n\r\nA neurotransmitter that regulates bonding and sexual reproduction.\r\n\r\nPenis\r\n\r\nThe most prominent external sex organ in males; it has three main functions: initiating orgasm, and transporting semen and urine outside of the body.\r\n\r\nPlateau phase\r\n\r\nThe phase of the sexual response cycle in which blood flow, heart rate, and breathing intensify.\r\n\r\nPlethysmography\r\n\r\nThe measuring of changes in blood - or airflow - to organs.\r\n\r\nPregnancy\r\n\r\nThe time in which a female carries a developing human within her uterus.\r\n\r\nPrimitive gonads\r\n\r\nReproductive structures in embryos that will eventually develop into ovaries or testes.\r\n\r\nProstate gland\r\n\r\nA male gland that releases prostatic fluid to nourish sperm cells.\r\n\r\nQuickening\r\n\r\nThe feeling of fetal movement.\r\n\r\nRefractory period\r\n\r\nTime following male ejaculation in which he is unresponsive to sexual stimuli.\r\n\r\nResolution phase\r\n\r\nThe phase of the sexual response cycle in which the body returns to a pre-aroused state.\r\n\r\nSafer-sex practices\r\n\r\nDoing anything that may decrease the probability of sexual assault, sexually transmitted infections, or unwanted pregnancy; these may include using condoms, honesty, and communication.\r\n\r\nScrotum\r\n\r\nThe sac of skin behind and below the penis, containing the testicles.\r\n\r\nSemen\r\n\r\nThe fluid that sperm cells are transported within.\r\n\r\nSeminal vesicles\r\n\r\nGlands that provide sperm cells the energy that allows them to move.\r\n\r\nSexual dysfunctions\r\n\r\nA range of clinically significant impairments in a person\u2019s ability to experience pleasure or respond sexually as outlined by the sexual response cycle.\r\n\r\nSexual response cycle\r\n\r\nExcitement, Plateau, Orgasm, and Resolution.\r\n\r\nSexually transmitted infections (STIs)\r\n\r\nInfections primarily transmitted through social sexual behaviors.\r\n\r\nSkene\u2019s glands\r\n\r\nAlso called minor vestibular glands, these glands are on the anterior wall of the vagina and are associated with female ejaculation.\r\n\r\nSomatosensory cortex\r\n\r\nA portion of the parietal cortex that processes sensory information from the skin.\r\n\r\nTesticles\r\n\r\nAlso called testes\u2014the glands producing testosterone, progesterone, small amounts of estrogen, and sperm cells.\r\n\r\nTrimesters\r\n\r\nPhases of gestation, beginning with the last menstrual period and ending about 40 weeks later; each trimester is roughly 13 weeks in length.\r\n\r\nUrethra\r\n\r\nThe tube that carries urine and semen outside of the body.\r\n\r\nUterus\r\n\r\nAlso called the womb\u2014the female\u2019s internal sex organ where offspring develop until birth.\r\n\r\nVagina\r\n\r\nAlso called the birth canal\u2014a muscular canal that spans from the cervix to the introitus, it acts as a transport mechanism for sperm cells coming in, and menstrual fluid and babies going out.\r\n\r\nVas deferens\r\n\r\nA muscular tube that transports mature sperm to the urethra.\r\n\r\nVasectomy\r\n\r\nA surgical form of birth control in males, in which the vas deferens is intentionally damaged.\r\n\r\nVestibular glands (VGs)\r\n\r\nAlso called major vestibular glands, these glands are located just to the left and right of the vagina, and produce lubrication to aid in sexual intercourse.\r\n\r\nVulva\r\n\r\nThe female\u2019s external sex organs.\r\n\r\nWolffian ducts\r\n\r\nPrimitive male internal sex organs.\r\n\r\nZygote\r\n\r\nFertilized ovum.\r\n\r\n ","rendered":"

Abstinence<\/p>\n

Avoiding any sexual behaviors that may lead to conception.<\/p>\n

Age of viability<\/p>\n

The age at which a fetus can survive outside of the uterus.<\/p>\n

Barrier forms of birth control<\/p>\n

Methods in which sperm is prevented from entering the uterus, either through physical or chemical barriers.<\/p>\n

Cervix<\/p>\n

The lower portion of the uterus that connects to the vagina.<\/p>\n

Chromosomal sex<\/p>\n

Also known as genetic sex; defined by the 23rd set of chromosomes.<\/p>\n

Clitoris<\/p>\n

A sensitive and erectile part of the vulva; its main function is to initiate orgasms.<\/p>\n

Conception<\/p>\n

Occurs typically within the fallopian tube, when a single sperm fertilizes an ovum cell.<\/p>\n

Cowper’s glands<\/p>\n

Glands that produce a fluid that lubricates the urethra and neutralizes any acidity due to urine.<\/p>\n

Emergency contraception<\/p>\n

A form of birth control used in a variety of circumstances, such as after unprotected sex, condom mishaps, or sexual assault.<\/p>\n

Epididymis<\/p>\n

A twisted duct that matures, stores, and transports sperm cells into the vas deferens.<\/p>\n

Erogenous zones<\/p>\n

Highly sensitive areas of the body.<\/p>\n

Excitement phase<\/p>\n

The activation of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system defines this phase of the sexual response cycle; heart rate and breathing accelerate, along with increased blood flow to the penis, vaginal walls, clitoris, and nipples.<\/p>\n

Fallopian tubes<\/p>\n

The female\u2019s internal sex organ where fertilization is most likely to occur.<\/p>\n

Foreskin<\/p>\n

The skin covering the glans or head of the penis.<\/p>\n

Glans penis<\/p>\n

The highly sensitive head of the penis, associated with initiating orgasms.<\/p>\n

Hormonal forms of birth control<\/p>\n

Methods by which synthetic estrogen or progesterone are released to prevent ovulation and thicken cervical mucus.<\/p>\n

Introitus<\/p>\n

The vaginal opening to the outside of the body.<\/p>\n

Labia majora<\/p>\n

The \u201clarge lips\u201d enclosing and protecting the female internal sex organs.<\/p>\n

Labia minora<\/p>\n

The \u201csmall lips\u201d surrounding and defining the openings of the vagina and urethra.<\/p>\n

Menstruation<\/p>\n

The process by which ova as well as the lining of the uterus are discharged from the vagina after fertilization does not occur.<\/p>\n

Mullerian ducts<\/p>\n

Primitive female internal sex organs.<\/p>\n

Myotonia<\/p>\n

Involuntary muscular movements, such as facial grimaces, that occur during the excitement phase of the sexual response cycle.<\/p>\n

Natural forms of birth control<\/p>\n

Methods that rely on knowledge of the menstrual cycle and awareness of the body.<\/p>\n

Neuroimaging techniques<\/p>\n

Seeing and measuring live and active brains by such techniques as electroencephalography (EEG), computerized axial tomography (CAT), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).<\/p>\n

Orgasm phase<\/p>\n

The shortest, but most pleasurable, phase of the sexual response cycle.<\/p>\n

Orgasmic platform<\/p>\n

The tightening of the outer third of the vaginal walls during the plateau phase of the sexual response cycle.<\/p>\n

Ovaries<\/p>\n

The glands housing the ova and producing progesterone, estrogen, and small amounts of testosterone.<\/p>\n

Ovulation<\/p>\n

When ova travel from the ovaries to the uterus.<\/p>\n

Oxytocin<\/p>\n

A neurotransmitter that regulates bonding and sexual reproduction.<\/p>\n

Penis<\/p>\n

The most prominent external sex organ in males; it has three main functions: initiating orgasm, and transporting semen and urine outside of the body.<\/p>\n

Plateau phase<\/p>\n

The phase of the sexual response cycle in which blood flow, heart rate, and breathing intensify.<\/p>\n

Plethysmography<\/p>\n

The measuring of changes in blood – or airflow – to organs.<\/p>\n

Pregnancy<\/p>\n

The time in which a female carries a developing human within her uterus.<\/p>\n

Primitive gonads<\/p>\n

Reproductive structures in embryos that will eventually develop into ovaries or testes.<\/p>\n

Prostate gland<\/p>\n

A male gland that releases prostatic fluid to nourish sperm cells.<\/p>\n

Quickening<\/p>\n

The feeling of fetal movement.<\/p>\n

Refractory period<\/p>\n

Time following male ejaculation in which he is unresponsive to sexual stimuli.<\/p>\n

Resolution phase<\/p>\n

The phase of the sexual response cycle in which the body returns to a pre-aroused state.<\/p>\n

Safer-sex practices<\/p>\n

Doing anything that may decrease the probability of sexual assault, sexually transmitted infections, or unwanted pregnancy; these may include using condoms, honesty, and communication.<\/p>\n

Scrotum<\/p>\n

The sac of skin behind and below the penis, containing the testicles.<\/p>\n

Semen<\/p>\n

The fluid that sperm cells are transported within.<\/p>\n

Seminal vesicles<\/p>\n

Glands that provide sperm cells the energy that allows them to move.<\/p>\n

Sexual dysfunctions<\/p>\n

A range of clinically significant impairments in a person\u2019s ability to experience pleasure or respond sexually as outlined by the sexual response cycle.<\/p>\n

Sexual response cycle<\/p>\n

Excitement, Plateau, Orgasm, and Resolution.<\/p>\n

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)<\/p>\n

Infections primarily transmitted through social sexual behaviors.<\/p>\n

Skene\u2019s glands<\/p>\n

Also called minor vestibular glands, these glands are on the anterior wall of the vagina and are associated with female ejaculation.<\/p>\n

Somatosensory cortex<\/p>\n

A portion of the parietal cortex that processes sensory information from the skin.<\/p>\n

Testicles<\/p>\n

Also called testes\u2014the glands producing testosterone, progesterone, small amounts of estrogen, and sperm cells.<\/p>\n

Trimesters<\/p>\n

Phases of gestation, beginning with the last menstrual period and ending about 40 weeks later; each trimester is roughly 13 weeks in length.<\/p>\n

Urethra<\/p>\n

The tube that carries urine and semen outside of the body.<\/p>\n

Uterus<\/p>\n

Also called the womb\u2014the female\u2019s internal sex organ where offspring develop until birth.<\/p>\n

Vagina<\/p>\n

Also called the birth canal\u2014a muscular canal that spans from the cervix to the introitus, it acts as a transport mechanism for sperm cells coming in, and menstrual fluid and babies going out.<\/p>\n

Vas deferens<\/p>\n

A muscular tube that transports mature sperm to the urethra.<\/p>\n

Vasectomy<\/p>\n

A surgical form of birth control in males, in which the vas deferens is intentionally damaged.<\/p>\n

Vestibular glands (VGs)<\/p>\n

Also called major vestibular glands, these glands are located just to the left and right of the vagina, and produce lubrication to aid in sexual intercourse.<\/p>\n

Vulva<\/p>\n

The female\u2019s external sex organs.<\/p>\n

Wolffian ducts<\/p>\n

Primitive male internal sex organs.<\/p>\n

Zygote<\/p>\n

Fertilized ovum.<\/p>\n

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