{"id":614,"date":"2020-05-13T20:59:03","date_gmt":"2020-05-14T00:59:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pressbooks.library.upei.ca\/montelpare\/?post_type=part&p=614"},"modified":"2020-09-02T21:04:27","modified_gmt":"2020-09-03T01:04:27","slug":"measuring-correlation-association-reliability-and-validity","status":"publish","type":"part","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.upei.ca\/montelpare\/part\/measuring-correlation-association-reliability-and-validity\/","title":{"raw":"Measuring Correlation, Association, Reliability and Validity","rendered":"Measuring Correlation, Association, Reliability and Validity"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n

Learning Objectives<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n

\r\n\r\nAfter reading the chapters in this section you should be able to:\r\n
    \r\n \t
  • Compute correlation coefficients using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient for continuous data with SAS programming.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Compute correlation coefficients using the Spearman Non-Parametric Correlation Coefficient for data based on rankswith SAS programming.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Compute the Bland Altman measures of association using specific SAS programming code<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Evaluate the null hypothesis for a correlation coefficient at p<0.05<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Compute the Contingency Coefficient based on data from a Chi-square with SAS programming and with the webulators<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Write SAS programs for each method and review the output that is produced from the computations<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n \r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\nThe calculation of a correlation coefficient is the method by which a researcher can show a relationship between two measures of interest\r\n<\/span>\r\n\r\n

    This estimate DOES<\/strong> NOT<\/b><\/span> imply cause or causality between the two variables. Rather, the measure is merely an estimate of how closely two variables describe independent responses for a sample. In the following chapters, we will explore the relationship and association between variables using different approaches that include: calculating a Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, calculating the correlation coefficient with the Non-Parametric Spearman approach based on ranks, calculating measures of association with the methods of Bland and Altman, and calculating the measures of association with chi-square based techniques such as contingency tables and estimates of kappa.\r\n<\/span><\/p>","rendered":"

    \n
    \n

    Learning Objectives<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

    \n

    After reading the chapters in this section you should be able to:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Compute correlation coefficients using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient for continuous data with SAS programming.<\/li>\n
    • Compute correlation coefficients using the Spearman Non-Parametric Correlation Coefficient for data based on rankswith SAS programming.<\/li>\n
    • Compute the Bland Altman measures of association using specific SAS programming code<\/li>\n
    • Evaluate the null hypothesis for a correlation coefficient at p<0.05<\/li>\n
    • Compute the Contingency Coefficient based on data from a Chi-square with SAS programming and with the webulators<\/li>\n
    • Write SAS programs for each method and review the output that is produced from the computations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

       <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

      The calculation of a correlation coefficient is the method by which a researcher can show a relationship between two measures of interest
      \n<\/span><\/p>\n

      This estimate DOES<\/strong> NOT<\/b><\/span> imply cause or causality between the two variables. Rather, the measure is merely an estimate of how closely two variables describe independent responses for a sample. In the following chapters, we will explore the relationship and association between variables using different approaches that include: calculating a Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, calculating the correlation coefficient with the Non-Parametric Spearman approach based on ranks, calculating measures of association with the methods of Bland and Altman, and calculating the measures of association with chi-square based techniques such as contingency tables and estimates of kappa.
      \n<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"parent":0,"menu_order":6,"template":"","meta":{"pb_part_invisible":false,"pb_part_invisible_string":""},"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-614","part","type-part","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.upei.ca\/montelpare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/614","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.upei.ca\/montelpare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.upei.ca\/montelpare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/part"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.upei.ca\/montelpare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/614\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2093,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.upei.ca\/montelpare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/614\/revisions\/2093"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.upei.ca\/montelpare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=614"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.upei.ca\/montelpare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=614"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.upei.ca\/montelpare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=614"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}